During this period, anecdotes about his cruelty started to spread in Germany and Italy. Vlad was held in captivity in Visegrád from 1463 to 1475. Vlad went to Transylvania to seek assistance from Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, in late 1462, but Corvinus had him imprisoned. The sultan and the main Ottoman army left Wallachia, but more and more Wallachians deserted to Radu. Vlad attempted to capture the sultan at Târgoviște during the night of 16–17 June 1462. Mehmed launched a campaign against Wallachia to replace Vlad with Vlad's younger brother, Radu. In February 1462, he attacked Ottoman territory, massacring tens of thousands of Turks and Muslim Bulgarians. The Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed II, ordered Vlad to pay homage to him personally, but Vlad had the Sultan's two envoys captured and impaled. Vlad plundered the Saxon villages, taking the captured people to Wallachia where he had them impaled (which inspired his cognomen). He came into conflict with the Transylvanian Saxons, who supported his opponents, Dan and Basarab Laiotă (who were Vladislav's brothers), and Vlad's illegitimate half-brother, Vlad Călugărul. Vlad began a purge among the Wallachian boyars to strengthen his position.
Relations between Hungary and Vladislav later deteriorated, and in 1456 Vlad invaded Wallachia with Hungarian support. Vlad went to Moldavia in 1449 or 1450, and later to Hungary. Vlad broke into Wallachia with Ottoman support in October, but Vladislav returned and Vlad sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire before the end of the year. Hunyadi launched a military campaign against the Ottomans in the autumn of 1448, and Vladislav accompanied him. Hunyadi installed Vlad's second cousin, Vladislav II, as the new voivode. Vlad's eldest brother Mircea and their father were murdered after John Hunyadi, regent-governor of Hungary, invaded Wallachia in 1447.
Vlad and his younger brother, Radu, were held as hostages in the Ottoman Empire in 1442 to secure their father's loyalty. He was the second son of Vlad Dracul, who became the ruler of Wallachia in 1436. He is often considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian history and a national hero of Romania. Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler ( Romanian: Vlad Țepeș ) or Vlad Dracula ( / ˈ d r æ k j ʊ l ə, - j ə-/ Romanian: Vlad Drăculea 1428/31 – 1476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death in 1476/77.
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